Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the brain and causes a decline in cognitive function, particularly in memory problems, language, reasoning and a person’s ability to look after one’s self.

Scientists do not know fully what causes early onset Alzheimer’s disease or late onset Alzheimer’s disease – but they have some understanding. Alzheimer’s is caused by the accumulation of abnormal amyloid protein deposits in the brain. This interferes with communication between nerve cells and leads to a gradual loss of brain tissue, a decline in cognitive function and dementia symptoms.

In this post, we will take a deeper look at this condition and the leading theories as to why certain people develop Alzheimer’s disease.

Elderly woman with cognitive decline being helped by a personal support worker

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

This disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who first described the condition in 1906. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease involve changes in thinking, memory loss and changes in behavior. For many people, the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are often referred to as “dementia.”

Dementia is a general term for cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, however, not all forms of dementia are caused by Alzheimer’s, so they are not exactly the same thing.

Factors that Contribute to Developing Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a complex and devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Although it’s risk factors and causes are not completely understood, there are a several promising theories, they include:

1. Beta-amyloid Plaques and Tau Protein Tangles

One of the most well-known theories about the cause of Alzheimer's disease is that it is linked to the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain. Beta-amyloid is a protein that accumulates in the spaces between nerve cells, forming sticky plaques that interfere with communication between cells. Tau protein is a protein that helps to stabilize the structure of nerve cells. In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein can become abnormal and form tangles inside the cells, leading to damage and cell death.

2. Inflammation

Chronic inflammation can also contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have found that inflammation in the brain can trigger the production of beta-amyloid and other proteins that are associated with Alzheimer's. Inflammation can also damage brain cells and interfere with their ability to communicate with each other.

3. Genetics & Family History

Alzheimer's disease is not purely a genetic disorder but there are certain genes that have been linked to an increased risk of developing the condition. For example, people who have a family history of Alzheimer’s have an increased risk of getting it. The presence of a certain form of APOE gene is considered a risk factor, however, having the gene does not necessarily mean that a person will develop the disease.

4. Environmental factors

Several environmental factors have also been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. For example, head injuries, particularly repeated injuries, have been shown to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's later in life. Exposure to certain toxins and pollutants, such as certain pesticides, has also been linked to an increased risk of the disease.

5. Lifestyle factors

Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and social engagement may also play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Exercise has also been shown to be beneficial, as it can help combat high blood pressure, improve blood flow to the brain and promote the growth of new brain cells. Finally, staying socially engaged and mentally active may help to reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

In-Home Care for Alzheimer’s & Dementia Patients

At Staff Relief, we know how overwhelming it can be for a family member to be the primary caregiver to someone with cognitive decline and dementia. For people living with Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of cognitive decline, there can be varying care needs, as the condition progresses.

To help people living with Alzheimer’s maintain a high quality of life, and provide support to their loved ones, our nursing agency provides a wide variety of dementia care and other healthcare services.

Many families feel more at ease by choosing in-home care over a nursing home. It is less disruptive to the patient and the family can have more involvement in the care given. We pride ourselves on the compassionate care we provide. Please contact us if you have any questions and want to know more about how we can help support your family’s healthcare needs.